Extraterritoriality and Extraterritorial Rights

Extraterritoriality, also known as extraterritorial rights, is an exemption from local laws. That means that an individual with extraterritoriality who commits a crime in a particular country cannot be tried by the authorities of that country, although often she or he will still be subject to trial in his or her own country. Historically, the imperial powers often forced weaker states to grant extraterritorial rights to their citizens who were not diplomats — including soldiers, traders, Christian missionaries, and the like. This was most famously the case in East Asia during the nineteenth century, where China and Japan were not formally colonized but were subjugated to an extent by the western powers. However, now these rights are most commonly granted to visiting foreign officials and even landmarks and plots of land dedicated to foreign agencies such as dual-nationality war cemeteries and memorials to famous foreign dignitaries. Who Had These Rights? In China, the citizens of Great Britain, the United States, France and later Japan had extraterritoriality under the unequal treaties. Great Britain was the first to impose such a treaty on China, in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking that ended the First Opium War. In 1858, after Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet forced Japan to open several ports to ships from  the United States, western powers rushed to established most favored nation status with Japan, which included extraterritoriality. In addition to Americans, citizens of Britain, France, Russia, and the Netherlands enjoyed extraterritorial rights in Japan after 1858. However, Japans government learned quickly how to wield power in this newly internationalized world. By 1899, after the Meiji Restoration, it had renegotiated its treaties with all of the western powers ​and ended extraterritoriality for foreigners on Japanese soil. In addition, Japan and China granted each others citizens extraterritorial rights, but when Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, Chinese citizens lost those rights while Japans extraterritoriality was expanded under the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Extraterritoriality Today The Second World War effectively ended the unequal treaties. After 1945, the imperial world order crumbled and extraterritoriality fell into disuse outside of diplomatic circles. Today, ambassadors and their staffs, United Nations officials and offices, and ships that are sailing in international waters are among the people or spaces that may enjoy extraterritoriality. In modern times, contrary to the tradition, nations may extend these rights to allies who are visiting and often are employed during military troop ground movement through friendly territory. Interestingly, funeral services and memorials often are granted extraterritorial rights for the nation the monument, park or structure honors as is the case with the John F. Kennedy memorial in England and dual-nation cemeteries like the Normandy American Cemetary in France.

The Cold War, Soviet Russia And The U.s. - 2500 Words

During the cold war, Soviet Russia and the U.S. disagreed on many matters, but found a common ground in appreciating technology and its instrumental value to the progress of society. Each nation glorified their contrasting examples of the ideal lifestyle, however their shared faith in technology was fulfilled in different forms. The Soviet Union had clearly attained their upper hand in the Space Race, achieving the launch of Sputnik, the first artificial satellite and Vostok 1 which brought the first human to outer space. The US government were also acutely aware of the vulnerability of their military forces as the Soviet Union were developing advanced nuclear weaponry with potential for mass destruction. Conscious of their technological inferiority in comparison, the U.S. sought after ways to demonstrate a technological competence and restore faith in an insecure nation. The family home was praised as the symbol of American prosperity but remodeled to convince a nation that they wer e just as knowledgeable and proficient in technology as the Soviet Union. These modifications had a radical influence in what was considered as ‘necessary’ technologies to the ideal American home but also materialized a direct confrontation with fears of a nuclear attack on American soil. In this sense, military technology did not have a direct or literal influence on the American home during the Cold War, rather that the consciousness that such technology existed had a profound influence onShow MoreRelatedSoviet Union And The Cold War1660 Words   |  7 Pageschallenge of the Cold War. Both the Soviet Union and I had 30,000 nuclear weapons that could destroy the entire earth and I had to maintain the peace† (â€Å"Jimmy Carter†). This statement has seemingly remained truthful from the point when Soviet Russia and America worked together to stem, and eventually end, the tide of Nazi Germany’s imperialistic overthrow of Europe. Since the end of World War II to the present day, relations between Russia and America have declined due to the Cold War, improved dueRead MorePresident Putin, Russia s Current President1465 Words   |  6 Pagespresident, may have made this accusation (Reuters). It is obvious because of this distrust from Russia that relations between the U.S. and Russia are beginning to deteriorate from previously â€Å"improved† standards. Although there were points where Russo-American political relations were lacking, there were also many other aspects of the relationship that saw improvement after the Cold War. 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It was called the war to end all wars and it was immediately triggered after the assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. 5 years later in 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed and ended WWI. The treaty blamed Germany for starting WWI and was wrongly punished for it. Germany retaliated and Adolf Hitler restored Germany s economy and became their dictator and started WWII in 1939 by invadingRead MoreWho Was to Blame for the Cold War? Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War? The blame for the Cold War cannot be placed on one person -- it developed as a series of chain reactions as a struggle for supremacy. It can be argued that the Cold War was inevitable, and therefore no ones fault, due to the differences in the capitalist and communist ideologies. It was only the need for self-preservation that had caused the two countries to sink their differences temporarily during the Second World War. 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The Effects of Sexual Abuse Free Essays

The Effects of Sexual Abuse PSY/265 March 8, 2013 The Effects of Sexual Abuse When you talk about the short term and long term effects of sexual abuse, the list can be long with many variables. The variables can be anything from someone being raped by someone they do not know, which still has the same damaging effects but not to the extreme when the individual was raped by someone they know and had a relationship with. Another example of a variable that could affect short-term and long-term effects of sexual abuse would be the care that they received after the abuse happened. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Sexual Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now When an individual is able to get counseling and has a strong support system after going through something such as rape, it is suggested that somebody with this type of help after being raped is less likely to have long-term effects from a rape. Now on the other hand, if somebody does not have the support system in the counseling afterwards long-term effects are more likely to happen. When you talk about long-term effects are talking about weight gain, promiscuity, addictions, codependency, abuse, and no interest in sex. When you talk about the long-term effect weight gain are talking about somebody putting on weight in order to hide themselves said that they would feel in visible to others, making them feel undesirable. The long-term effect promiscuity is explained, as someone who has been raped by a family member, starts to feel that they are not worth anything unless they are having sex with somebody and feel that they cannot get love otherwise. When it comes to the long-term effect addiction, this can mean anything from having an addiction to food to hide with their failing to having an addiction to drugs and/or alcohol in order to numb the feelings that they currently are going in regards to the sexual abuse. The next long-term effects is codependency, this is explained as the victim having such a low self-esteem that they do not trust what they decide to do and need somebody to help make the decisions for them. References: Rathus, S. A. , Nevid, J. S. , Fichner-Rathus, L. (2011). Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity (8th ed. ). Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn Bacon. How to cite The Effects of Sexual Abuse, Essay examples

Arts and the natural sciences Essay Example For Students

Arts and the natural sciences Essay What are ethical judgments? Who decides whether it is ethical? Is it the society that outlines the differences? The real question however, arises when one questions if the society itself is moral ? Can the social norms and morality be judged by certain sections of the society? Do these sections of society affect our upbringing and define our moral outlook ? Does the society only outline the boundaries of morality or does it teach the coming generations about the moral judgments that they believe in? Who creates society? Aren’t we the society? What kind of methods are we referring to? Are we talking about an understanding or drilling information into our brains whether it is useful or not? Is production of knowledge the slow and gradual manners and facts that we imbibe through a lifetime, Or is it learning new knowledge, of a sort? But isn’t the knowledge that we imbibe new to us at that time? â€Å"How far is morality setting boundaries in the understanding of new knowledge and information?†Ã‚  For some, new knowledge can be learning something new, personally but does that actually mean it is true? According to Aristotle, the â€Å"production of new knowledge† is the â€Å"transmission† of â€Å"already existing knowledge by argument.† Does this mean that in our lives, we will never discover anything new? Because all the knowledge in the world already exists with various people? How far is morality setting boundaries in the understanding of new knowledge and information? Looking at the natural sciences and the arts as areas of knowledge, it is questionable whether it is morally correct for us to use and exhaust knowledge, talent and resources while we leave nothing for the coming generations. Or, are we so engrossed in setting the moral boundaries that we don’t see the advantages or the new knowledge that can be gained from it? Natural sciences, through reason, can see the benefits of this new found knowledge countering and questioning various different types of ethics whereas arts through the use of perception can be debatable. Do our emotions come in the way of setting the boundaries of ethical judgments that change our perception of art?  Would taking a dying form of art and reviving it in the society of the people who created it be ethically correct or incorrect? This, in one place, will give them employment, promote and package the product properly. And will alongside aid the local economy of the indigenous people. On the other hand, taking the art form that took these indigenous people centuries to refine and using it for the benefit of a company raises questions about their moral perspective towards the locals. Fabindia is a textile and Clothing Company founded by a French man named John Bissell in 1960, who took the traditional art of textiles of India used it to his advantage by promoting it and selling it to the people through aesthetics and marketing. According to the company’s official website the Fabindia philosophy is: â€Å"Fabindia was founded with the strong belief that there was a need for a vehicle for marketing the vast and diverse craft traditions of India and thereby help fulfill the need to provide and sustain employment.† As mentioned above, in the case of art, there can be different perceptions which can also be related to emotional responses. That being said every Indian citizen may differ between their perception of the company being morally acceptable or not. Isn’t it morally acceptable to promote a traditional dying art, which was once the trademark of the country for the benefit of the people? Ethically, the promotion is an ideal form of sustainable art and economy. The fact that this company has gone from a local company to one that has expanded into selling their products to over 33 countries, for someone to create a moral boundary towards the progression of the Indian economy and a promotion of India as a country it-self as some people would think, in its true sense, quite immoral. The local craftsmen would learn an ample amount of new techniques and knowledge, thus creating vast knowledge rather than limiting it, ethically. The moral outlook towards this would be to let these traditional craftsmen take this knowledge home and let them use it to come out with their own, contemporary ideas. .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e , .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .postImageUrl , .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e , .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:hover , .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:visited , .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:active { border:0!important; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:active , .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f4df088fa1217b95c577eeb35fd614e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Joyce and John Cheever were two influential writers of the late 1800's and early 1900's EssayDespite this, the proper questions related to the original art and the craftsmen still stands to an issue. The company, Fabindia may help the economy of the traditional craftsmen and give them enough knowledge on how to promote their jobs. But, is this traditional craft still theirs? The local people may learn a new technique to sustain themselves financially but are they being taught to use new methods of production by creating contemporary fusion of the traditional Indian and western styles? These craftsmen have now, because of the company, Fabindia, lost the identity of their ar t because it’s been branded under the name of Fabindia. These people are not obtaining any new knowledge but are exerting their own to provide for a company.